Sir Philip Franci’s Minutes on the Subject of a Permanent Settlement for Bengal, Behar and Orissa

Sir Philip Francis’s “Minutes on the Subject of a Permanent Settlement for Bengal, Behar and Orissa” presents his critical views on the British colonial land revenue system proposed in late 18th-century India. Francis cautioned against rigid, permanent settlements, arguing they might harm agricultural productivity and local interests. He emphasized the need for flexibility and fairness in revenue collection to protect peasants and maintain social stability. His minutes reflect early debates on colonial governance and economic policy in British India.