TRIBAL INDIA: Issues and Challenges

India’s population constitutes about 70 per cent of rural population and 8.6 per cent tribal population. Tribes are one of the most vulnerable sections of the Indian society requiring special policy framework to deal with their problems and issues.
Present work is devoted to understand the tribes, their ethnographic situation and the steps taken at the different levels of the government to improve their situation. Panchayats Extension to the Scheduled Areas 1996 (PESA Act 1996) is a benchmark initiative on the lines of the 73rd Amendment of the Indian Constitution.
It is important to understand the tribal situation after the implementation of New Economic Policy 1991 and the enactment of the PESA Act 1996. Liberalisation provided the space to the corporates to intervene in the tribal areas for the development purposes. On the other hand PESA empowered the tribes to have effective voice in deciding their fate and managing their resources. The authors have critically analysed both these processes and highlighted their impact on the tribes.
Empirical study was conducted in the tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh where hydro-power projects in the tribal areas have become common phenomenon. These activities maligned the tribal societies and affected the natural ecology and disturbed their economic patterns. In this light, it is imperative to understand the functioning of PESA Act 1996 to do justice with the constitutional goals concerning the marginalized in the society.
The book will not only interest academicians and policy makers, but will be of use to all within and outside the tribal communities who are sensitive towards tribal development.

Mridula Sharda is Professor in International Centre for Distance Education and Open Learning (ICDEOL), Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla. She has a teaching and research experience of more than twenty five years. Her main research areas include Indian Government and Politics, Indian Political Thought, Democratic Decentralization and Development. Her academic pursuits have aimed to meet the objective of inter-linking academics to the society. Besides a book, she has published more than three dozen papers in journal of national and international repute. She has served twice as UGC Associate at the Indian Institute of Advance Study (IIAS), Shimla.

Inder Kumar is a research scholar working with Himachal Pradesh Department of Education. He belongs to Kinnaura tribe and has been making persistent efforts to take up the tribal issues. He has published five papers in journals of national repute.